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When I planned this book seven years ago I had my graduate students at the University of Ulm in mind, diploma as well as doctoral students, who often asked me what literature they should work with. I used to suggest a list of ten to twenty (for my taste: excellent) treatises on NMR. Apparently this did not make them entirely happy. The difficulty which newcomers to the field face is to practise and to apply theoretical formalisms from different sources while still learning the principles of NMR and being actively engaged in NMR research. Although the text presented here is largely based on my lecture notes, the result is a "working book" rather than an introduction. It is intended to provide direct access to the basic information one needs for NMR diffusometry, relaxometry, and tomography applications. A "working book" is certainly not suitable to be read starting on page one and then carrying on until the last page. Boldly extrapolating my own reading habits to those of the typical scientist I am sure that this is not the way in which monographs of this kind are read nowadays. So my aim was to produce a treatise that offers easy and quick access for the reader to relevant matters of interest. I tried hard to ease the comprehension of NMR principles by extensive cross-referencing among the sections and chapters. Tomography, diffusometry and relaxometry are fields based on common phys ical principles.

NMR: Tomography, Diffusometry, Relaxometry

I: Spin Coherences and Echoes.- 1 Introductory Remarks.- 2 Isolated Spins in Inhomogeneous Fields.- 2.1 Two-Pulse Hahn Echo.- 2.2 Three-Pulse Hahn Echoes.- 2.3 Gradient-Recalled Echo.- 2.4 Multiple Echoes.- 3 Rotary Echoes.- 3.1 Signal at ?? = ?1.- 3.2 Signal at ?=?0.- 4 Solid Echoes of Dipolar-Coupled Spins.- 4.1 Two-Pulse Dipolar Solid Echoes.- 4.1.1 Systems of Two Equivalent Spins 1/2.- 4.1.2 Approximate Treatment of Multi-Spin 1/2 Systems.- 4.2 Three-Pulse Dipolar Solid Echoes.- 5 Solid Echoes of I =1 Quadrupole Nuclei.- 5.1 Two-Pulse Quadrupolar Solid Echo.- 5.2 Three-Pulse Quadrupolar Solid Echoes.- 6 Dipolar and Quadrupolar Magic Echoes.- 6.1 Principle.- 6.2 The "Magic Sandwich" Pulse Sequence.- 6.3 Dipolar-Coupled Two-Spin 1/2 Systems.- 6.4 Mixed Echoes.- 7 Coherence Transfer of J-Coupled Spins.- 7.1 Two RF Pulses.- 7.1.1 Correlated Two-Dimensional Spectroscopy.- 7.1.2 Echo Formation.- 7.1.3 Spin-Echo Correlated 2D Spectroscopy.- 7.1.4 Homonuclear J Resolved 2D Spectroscopy.- 7.2 Three RF Pulses.- 7.2.1 Longitudinal-Magnetization Transfer Echo.- 7.2.2 Scalar-Order Transfer Echo.- 7.2.3 Zero-Quantum Coherence-Transfer Echo.- 7.2.4 Single-Quantum Coherence-Transfer Echoes.- 7.2.5 Double-Quantum Coherence-Transfer Echo.- 7.3 Multiple-Quantum Coherence Based Spectroscopy.- 7.3.1 Double-Quantum Filtered Correlated Spectroscopy (DQF-COSY).- 7.3.2 Double-Quantum/Single-Quantum Correlated Spectroscopy.- 7.4 Discrimination of Coherence-Transfer Echoes.- II: Molecular Motion.- 8 Survey.- 9 Categorization of Relaxation Phenomena.- 9.1 General Remarks.- 9.1.1 Observables Subject to Relaxation.- 9.1.2 Spin Interactions Subject to Fluctuations.- 9.1.3 The Autocorrelation and the Intensity Functions.- 9.2 Limits and Definitions for Spin-Lattice Relaxation.- 9.3 Limits and Definitions for Transverse Relaxation.- 9.3.1 Irreversibility and Spin-System Size.- 9.3.2 Irreversibility and Molecular Motion.- 9.3.3 Classification of Transverse Relaxation.- 10 Spin-Relaxation Functions.- 10.1 The Homonuclear Bloch Equations.- 10.2 Solutions for Laboratory-Frame Experiments.- 10.3 Solutions for Rotating-Frame Experiments.- 11 Perturbation Theory of Spin Relaxation.- 11.1 Iterative Approximation.- 11.2 The Master Equation.- 12 Spin-Lattice Relaxation.- 12.1 Laboratory-Frame Spin-Lattice Relaxation by Dipolar Coupling.- 12.1.1 Reduced Dipolar Correlation and Intensity Functions.- 12.1.2 S-Spin-Equilibrium Limit.- 12.1.3 Like-Spin limit.- 12.2 Laboratory-Frame Spin-Lattice Relaxation by Other Interactions.- 12.2.1 Scalar Coupling.- 12.2.2 Quadrupolar Coupling (I=1).- 12.2.3 Chemical-Shift Anisotropy.- 12.3 Rotating-Frame Spin-Lattice Relaxation by Dipolar Coupling.- 13 Transverse Relaxation.- 13.1 Motional-Averaging Limit.- 13.1.1 Single-Quantum Coherences of Dipolar-Coupled Spin Pairs.- 13.1.2 Single-Quantum Coherences of (I =1) Quadrupole Nuclei.- 13.1.3 Multiple-Quantum Coherences.- 13.2 Local-Field Theory.- 13.2.1 The Anderson/Weiss Ansatz.- 13.2.2 The Second Moment ??2?.- 13.2.3 Partial Motional Averaging.- 14 Examples of Autocorrelation Functions.- 14.1 Isotropic Continuous Rotational Diffusion.- 14.2 Discrete-Coupling Jump Models.- 14.2.1 Two-State Jump Model.- 14.3 Reorientation Mediated by Translational Displacements.- 14.3.1 Diffusion on Rugged Surfaces.- 14.3.2 Lévy-Walk Surface Diffusion.- 15 Field-Cycling NMR Relaxometry.- 15.1 Laboratory-Frame Experiments.- 15.1.1 Field-Cycling Magnets.- 15.1.2 The Switching Intervals.- 15.2 Spin-Lock Adiabatic Field-Cycling Imaging Relaxometry.- 15.2.1 Adiabatic Variation of the Effective Field.- 15.2.2 Spin-Lock Field-Cycling Laboratory-Frame Imaging Relaxometry.- 15.2.3 Spin-Lock Field-Cycling Rotating-Frame Imaging.- 16 Field-Cycling Relaxometry in Biosystems.- 16.1 Fluctuations in Proteins.- 16.2 Fluctuations in Lipid Bilayers.- 16.3 Deuteron T1 Frequency Dispersion of Protein Solutions.- 16.4 Critical Water Contents.- 16.5 Proton Relaxation in Tissue.- 17 The Dipolar-Correlation Effect.- 17.