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One of the most striking development of the last decades in the study of minimal surfaces, constant mean surfaces and harmonic maps is the discovery that many classical problems in differential geometry - including these examples - are actually integrable systems. This theory grew up mainly after the important discovery of the properties of the Korteweg-de Vries equation in the sixties. After C. Gardner, J. Greene, M. Kruskal et R. Miura [44] showed that this equation could be solved using the inverse scattering method and P. Lax [62] reinterpreted this method by his famous equation, many other deep observations have been made during the seventies, mainly by the Russian and the Japanese schools. In particular this theory was shown to be strongly connected with methods from algebraic geom etry (S. Novikov, V. B. Matveev, LM. Krichever. . . ), loop techniques (M. Adler, B. Kostant, W. W. Symes, M. J. Ablowitz . . . ) and Grassmannian manifolds in Hilbert spaces (M. Sato . . . ). Approximatively during the same period, the twist or theory of R. Penrose, built independentely, was applied successfully by R. Penrose and R. S. Ward for constructing self-dual Yang-Mills connections and four-dimensional self-dual manifolds using complex geometry methods. Then in the eighties it became clear that all these methods share the same roots and that other instances of integrable systems should exist, in particular in differential ge ometry. This led K.

Constant Mean Curvature Surfaces, Harmonic Maps and Integrable Systems

1 Introduction: Surfaces with prescribed mean curvature.- 2 From minimal surfaces and CMC surfaces to harmonic maps.- 2.1 Minimal surfaces.- 2.2 Constant mean curvature surfaces.- 3 Variational point of view and Noether's theorem.- 4 Working with the Hopf differential.- 4.1 Appendix.- 5 The Gauss-Codazzi condition.- 5.1 Appendix.- 6 Elementary twistor theory for harmonic maps.- 6.1 Appendix.- 7 Harmonic maps as an integrable system.- 7.1 Maps into spheres.- 7.2 Generalizations.- 7.3 A new setting: loop groups.- 7.4 Examples.- 8 Construction of finite type solutions.- 8.1 Preliminary: the Iwasawa decomposition (for)..- 8.2 Application to loop Lie algebras.- 8.3 The algorithm.- 8.4 Some further properties of finite type solutions.- 9 Constant mean curvature tori are of finite type.- 9.1 The result.- 9.2 Appendix.- 10 Wente tori.- 10.1 CMC surfaces with planar curvature lines.- 10.2 A system of commuting ordinary equations.- 10.3 Recovering a finite type solution.- 10.4 Spectral curves.- 11 Weierstrass type representations.- 11.1 Loop groups decompositions.- 11.2 Solutions in terms of holomorphic data.- 11.3 Meromorphic potentials.- 11.4 Generalizations.