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Since the first edition of "Principles of Packaging Development" was published, the packaging industry has undergone many profound changes. These have included the virtual elimination of cellophane and its replacement with oriented polypropylene as a carton overwrap, fluid milk in blow-molded HDPE bottles, PET beverage bottles, cookie bags and cartons lined with polyolefin coextrusions instead of waxed glassine, and bread in reclosable polyolefin and coextruded film bags. New phrases have also worked their way into the lexicon of the practic ing packaging technologist, such as "child resistance" and "tamper evident. " This most popular text on packaging demanded updating. How these phrases and ideas have affected the industry in the 1980s and how they will probably alter its course in the future are treated. New concepts of packaging system planning and forecasting tech niques are intruding into package management, and new chapters will introduce them to the reader. The years have added a certain degree of maturity to the packaging industry. Not only have the original authors broadened their per spectives and changed professional responsibilities, we have also in cluded a third co-author, Dr. Aaron L. Brody, whose experience in the industry, academic background, and erudite insights into the very na ture of packaging have added an unparalled degree of depth to this book. We would like to thank David L.

Principles of Package Development

1 Origins of Packaging Development.- The Industrial Revolution.- The Birth of Packaging Development.- National and International Recognition.- 2 Package Development: An Overview.- Interrelationships.- Developmental Paths.- 3 Packaging Materials.- Ceramics.- Metals.- Plant Products.- Plastics.- ABS.- 4 Package Forms.- Rigid and Semirigid Package Forms.- Flexible Package Forms.- Converting of Flexible Packaging Materials.- 5 Materials and Package Testing.- Quality Testing of Packaging Materials.- Identification of Unknown Packaging Materials.- Quality Testing of Fabricated Packages.- Product-Package Compatibility Testing.- Shipping and Abuse Testing.- 6 The Packaging Process: Testing a Segment of Manufacturing Operations.- The Manufacturing Process.- The Packaging Process.- Development of Equipment.- 7 Packaging Equipment.- Can Packaging Equipment.- Glass Packaging Equipment.- Other Primary Packages.- Paperboard Cartons.- Equipment for Flexible Packaging.- Thermoformed Packages.- 8 The Relationship of Packaging to Marketing.- Product Life Cycle.- Pricing Policy.- Distribution Policy.- Market Research.- Product-Package Promotion.- A Marketing Case History: Doy-N-Pack vs. BrikPak.- Package Styling and Design.- 9 Governmental Regulations Affecting Packaging.- Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act-1938.- The 1958 Food Additives Amendment to the Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act.- Food Additive Definition.- New Amendment to Food Additive Legislation (1983).- Manufacturing Regulations.- Future Activity.- The FDA and Drugs.- The Color Additive Amendment.- The "Fair Packaging and Labeling" Bill.- Other Governmental Regulations.- FDA versus USDA.- Freight Regulations.- 10 Strategic Planning in Packaging.- Text.- 11 Technological Forecasting.- Technology.- Why Plan?.- Why Forecast?.- What Is Technology?.- Why Is Forecasting Possible?.- Origins of Technological Forecasting.- What Is Technological Forecasting.- Objective of the Forecast.- Qualifications of the Person or Institution Making the Statement about the Future.- Methodologies Used to Provide a Picture of the Future.- Interactions External to Technology.- Process of Technological Innovation.- Intuitive Forecasting.- Trend Extrapolation.- Monitoring.- Structural Analysis.- Modeling.- Cross-Impact Analysis.- Scenario Generation.- Conclusion.