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This book explains various methods of payment in international trade and trade finance schemes for international trade. It also presents an overview of the concepts, purposes, features, and risks of international trade.

A grasp of the features and risks of international trade facilitates a better understanding of the numerous methods of payment in international trade and the relevant trade finance schemes, which is essential to success in international trade transactions.

In order to complete an international trade transaction, depending on the terms, both parties need access to funds. Compared with large companies, small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), frequently face difficulties in raising capital or funds, but financing an international trade transaction is often the key to its successful completion. As such, selecting an appropriate financing mechanism from the various options available is vital.

This book offers a systematic overview of international trade and payment together with trade finance, providing instructive examples and illustrations of trade documents, each method of payment, and trade finance including export credit insurance or guarantee.

Payment Methods and Finance for International Trade

Chapter 1 Introduction to International Trade

1. Concept of international trade

2. Purposes of international trade

3. Characteristics of international trade

4. Risks in international trade

 

Chapter 2 International Trade Contracts

1. Concept of a contract

2. Formation of a contract

3. Performance of a contract

 

Chapter 3 Documents for International Trade

1. Introduction

2. Commercial documents

3. Financial documents

 

Chapter 4 Overview of Payment Methods

1. Introduction

2. Basic types of payment method

 

Chapter 5 Payment in Advance (Cash in Advance)

1. Introduction

2. Operation of a payment in advance

3. Advantages/disadvantages

 

Chapter 6 Open Account

1. Introduction

2. Operation of an open account

3. Features and advantages/disadvantages

 

Chapter 7 Documentary Collection

1. Introduction

2. Operation of a documentary collection

3. Features and advantages/disadvantages

4. The Uniform Rules for Collections

 

Chapter 8 Documentary Credits

1. Introduction

2. Operation of a documentary credit

3. Various types of a credit

4. Independence principle and fraud exception

5. Issuing a documentary credit through SWIFT

 

Chapter 9 UCP and L/C Examples

1. UCP

2. Examples of L/C

 

Chapter 10 Other Payment Methods

1. Bank payment obligation (BPO)

2. Consignment

3. Netting

 

Chapter 11 Independent Guarantee (demand guarantee, standby L/C)

1. Introduction

2. Types of independent guarantees

3. Independence principle and fraud exception

 

Chapter 12 Trade Finance for International Sale of Goods

1. Introduction

2. Export working capital financing (for pre-shipment)

3. Negotiation (or purchase) of bills of exchange

4. Export factoring (International factoring)

5. International forfaiting

 

Chapter 13 Financing an Overseas Construction

1. Introduction

2. Supplier credit and buyer credit

3 Project finance

4 Syndicated loans

 

Chapter 14 Export Credit Insurance or Guarantee

1. Introduction

2. Main types of export credit insurance or guarantee