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This book highlights a series of new itinerant electron models proposed based on the experimental results of electron spectra obtained since 1970. Although conventional magnetic ordering models were established before 1960, many problems remain to be solved. The new models in this book include an O 2p itinerant electron model for magnetic oxides, a new itinerant electron model for magnetic metals, and a Weiss electron pair model for the origin of magnetic ordering energy of magnetic metals and oxides. With these models, the book explains typical magnetic ordering phenomena including those that cannot be explained using conventional models. These new models are easier to understand than the conventional magnetic ordering models.

New Itinerant Electron Models of Magnetic Materials

1 Introduction
References
2. Electron shell structure of free atoms and valence electrons in crystals2.1 Electron shell structure of free atoms2.2 A simple introduction to classical crystal binding theory for typical magnetic materials2.3 Effective radii of ions in crystals2.4 Electron binding energy originating from ions in crystalsReferences
3. A simple introduction to basic knowledge of magnetic materials 3.1 Classification of matters based on magnetic properties3.2 Magnetic domain and domain wall3.3 Basic parameters of magnetic materials3.4 Magnetic ordering models in conventional ferromagnetismReferences
4. Difficulties related to conventional magnetic ordering models4.1 Disputes over the distributions of Mn and Cr cations in spinel ferrites4.2 Difficulties in describing the observed magnetic moments of perovskite manganites4.3 Relationship between magnetic moment and electrical resistivity in typical magnetic metals4.4 Puzzle for the origin of magnetic ordering energyReferences
5. O 2p itinerant electron model for magnetic oxides5.1 A simple introduction to early investigations of ionicity5.2 Study of ionicity of spinel ferrites5.3 Experimental studies of O 2p holes in oxides5.4 Study of negative monovalent oxygen ions using X-ray photoelectron spectra 5.5 O 2p itinerant electron model for magnetic oxides (IEO model)5.6 Relationship between the IEO model and the conventional models References
6. Magnetic ordering of typical spinel ferrites6.1 Method fitting magnetic moments of typical spinel ferrites6.2 Caion distribution characteristics in typical spinel ferritesReferences
7. Experimental evidences of the IEO model obtained from spinel ferrite7.1 Additional antiferromagnetic phase in Ti doped spinel ferrites7.2 Amplification of spinel ferrite magnetic moment due to Cu substituting for Cr7.3 Unusual infrared spectra of Cr ferriteReferences
8. Spinel ferrites with cant angle magnetic coupling8.1 Spinel ferrites with Fe ratio being less than 2.0 per molecule8.2 Spinel ferrites containing nonmagnetic cationsReferences
9. Magnetic ordering and electrical transport of perovskite manganites9.1 Ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic coupling in typical perovskite manganites9.2 Spin-dependent and spin-independent electrical transport of perovskite manganites9.3 Experimental evidences on canting magnetic structure in perovskite manganites9.4 Magnetic coupling between the two sublattices in perovskite praseodymium manganites9.5 Substituting for Mn in perovskite praseodymium manganites9.6 Experimental evidences for antiferromagnetic coupling between divalent and trivalent Mn ions in perovskite manganitesReferences
10. Anti-ferromagnetic ordering in oxides with sodium chloride structure10.1 Characteristics of antiferromagnetic oxides with sodium chloride structure10.2 Difference between magnetic structures of manganese monoxide and lanthanum manganiteReferences
11. Itinerant electron model for magnetic metals 11.1 Experimental and theoretical studies for atomic magnetic moments in metals11.2 Itinerant electron model for magnetic metals (IEM model)References
12. Study on the origin of magnetic ordering energy for magnetic materials12.1 Weiss molecular field12.2 Thermal expansivity of perovskite manganites near the Curie temperature12.3 Weiss electron-pair (WEP) model for magnetic ordering energy12.4 Explanation for the Curie temperature difference of typical magnetic materials 12.5 Explanation for Cu ratio dependence of resistivity and Curie temperature for NiCu alloysReferences
13. Prospects and challenges for future work13.1 Other factors affecting magnetic ordering energy13.2 Magnetic ordering energy used in DFT calculation13.3 Application of IEO and IEM modelReferences
AppendixesA. Electron structure and ionization energies of free atomsB. Effective ion radii reported by ShannonC. Symbol notes